Debian
Based On: Independent.
Package Manager: Apt.
Origin: Global.
Popular Desktop Environments: Cinnamon, GNOME, i3, KDE, LXDE, LXQt, MATE, Xfce.
Update policy: 2 year versions.
Home page: https://www.debian.org/
About Debian:
Debian is a distribution that has long been considered the mother of Linux distributions, it starts one of the two big branches of Linux distributions today, the other one being Arch Linux, but Debian's is much larger.
Because Debian has a two year gap in between versions with only small security updates in between it tends to lag behind other distributions in terms of bleeding-edge technology. This however makes Debian a really stable distribution, which makes it great for industry. It is not often that a Debian system runs into conflict.
Additionally, the Debian group offers support for their versions for up to 5 years, which gives everyone plenty of time to update their system on their own schedule.
Debian is highly popular, being the main theme of several Linux-based conferences (DebCon) and is moderately easy to set up. It does a great job at both, server and desktop.